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How where you live is affecting your dog’s gut

Updated 20 November 2025
Read time: 7 mins
article author
Written by Charlotte Niblett
Copywriter
article author
Reviewed by Dr Bushra Schuitemaker
Head of Microbiology

Did you know your dog’s gut microbiome supports the majority of your dog’s main bodily processes, including the ones that help keep them alive and kicking?

This makes maintaining the health and state of their gut microbiome an absolute imperative when caring for your dog.

The health of your dog and their gut microbiome relies on the balance and diversity of the bacteria that live within it. Unfortunately, this balance is delicate and can be knocked by a long list of factors, many of which are out of our control.

One surprising factor that can impact the diversity of your dog’s gut microbiome is actually where they live - from the part of the world they're in, right down to their home.

Read on to find out exactly how your dog’s environment impacts their microbiome, how you can investigate whether your dog is suffering from a bacterial imbalance, and what you can do to kick off their journey to great gut health.

 

What is the microbiome?

 



Firstly, let's explore what exactly the gut microbiome is.

In a nutshell, the gut microbiome is a microscopic ecosystem of predominantly bacteria that live within the gut. In a healthy microbiome, the bacteria are of varying species but are in equal proportion to each other. They work hard to support the function and strength of key processes within your dog’s body, such as:


  • Digestion, including the breaking down of food and the absorption of key nutrients, vitamins, and minerals

  • Immunity

  • Overall gut health

  • Skin and coat health

  • Joint and mobility health

  • Heart health

  • Brain function and behaviour 

 

When the bacterial diversity of your dog’s gut microbiome is rich and balanced, it can efficiently support the smooth functioning of these processes and contribute to the optimal health, wellbeing and longevity of your dog. 

When it’s unbalanced, or in other words, suffering from dysbiosis, this means these processes are disrupted, and can lead to inflammation of the gut, the rest of the body and a long list of symptoms and health issues. 

 

These can include:

  • Diarrhoea

  • Vomiting

  • Lack of appetite

  • Weight struggles

  • Behaviour struggles

  • Joint issues

  • Hair loss and skin irritation


Just to name a few. And sometimes, dysbiosis won’t trigger any symptoms at all.

To find out more about your dog’s gut microbiome, but sure to explore the articles below.


How does your dog’s environment impact their microbiome?


So, where your dog lives actually impacts something like their microbiome, and the bacteria that live within it?

Yes!

Not only does the part of the world you live in affect your dog’s gut microbiome, but their environment, their home life, and their lifestyle too. 

 

 

For example:

If we were to test the gut microbiome of two dogs that shared the same breed, weight, size and lifestyle, but one lived in Australia and one lived in the UK, their results would look extremely different!

The weather, climate, flora, and fauna the dog will experience in each country will differ, as well as the critters they come across and the poop, tracks and carcasses they leave behind.

As the dog goes for walks, runs on the beach, and generally goes about their daily life, they’ll pick up different bacteria, meaning, in effect, their microbial diversity will differ. 

And it may be that a dog who lives in Australia has better microbial diversity than one that lives in the UK, or vice versa. But it even goes further than that! 

If there were two dogs of the same breed that both lived in the UK, but one lived in the city and one lived in the country, they’d also have different levels of exposure to various types of bacteria. For instance, the dog who lives more rurally may come across bacteria that live in sheep poo or natural streams of water. This is going to make for a different microbial community than the dog that lives in the city.

But before you start packing up your life to move to the outback to better your dog’s health, the first step towards helping your dog’s microbiome and gut is investigating their bacterial diversity - finding out how to adapt and help get things back on track.

 


How does your dog’s home and lifestyle impact their gut microbiome?

It isn’t just the country or city in which your dog lives, but also who they live with inside the home. 

If your dog lives with other dogs or other pets, this will also impact the diversity of bacteria living in their gut microbiome, due to the bacteria that they pass to each other.

The same can be said for whether they live with a fuller household or with children.

Not only who they live with, but also how they live, will also impact their bacterial community.

A dog who lives a more active lifestyle and spends more time outside will have more exposure to different bacteria than one that prefers to stay at home. The same can be said for dogs who often visit the groomers or day care. The list goes on!

In summary, we can never assume our dog’s gut microbiome and gut health wouldn’t benefit from intervention, whether they’re displaying symptoms or not. 


What are the other impacting factors on your dog’s gut microbiome?

Your dog’s environment and lifestyle aren’t the only factors that can impact the diversity and balance of the microbiome, and potentially lead to dysbiosis. 

 

An illustrated image that has the title 'What affects a dog's gut microbiome?', with an illustrated picture of a happy grey dog in the middle. Around him, factors that affect the gut microbiome are listed. These include 'Environment' with illustrated trees surrounding it and the following short summary: 'Where your dog spends their life impacts their microbial diversity, including the country in which they live and their home environment.' Next is 'Medical History' that is surrounded by small red crosses and the following summary: 'Medical conditions that dogs are born with or develop will also have an impact'. Next is 'How they started life' which sits next to a small illustration of a mother dog nursing her puppies, and the following summary: 'How they were born, where they were raised and whether they’re a rescue will also have an impact on their microbial diversity.' Next is 'Lifestyle', which sits next to an illustration of a tennis ball and the following summary: 'Including their activity levels, whether they frequently go to the groomers or attend doggy day care.' The 'Age' sat next to some orange numbers and the summary: 'The diversity of their gut microbiome will naturally fluctuate with age.' Then 'Breed' with an illustration of a dog and the following summary: 'Some breeds will naturally have better microbial diversity than others.' Finally, there's 'Diet' that has an illustrated image of a bowl of food and the summary 'Directly linked to their gut microbiome, what they eat impacts the diversity and richness of bacteria.'

 

Other impacting factors include:


  • Their start in life. The development of their microbiome starts from birth and how they were brought into the world. Also, the time they spent with their mother or where they came from (adopted from overseas or rescued) impacts their microbial diversity and can impact them in later life.

  • Their age. The diversity of their microbiome naturally fluctuates as the dog ages. As they reach senior age, the diversity will naturally decline. This makes paying particular attention to your senior dog’s gut health and microbiome very important for their health and wellbeing.

  • Their medical history. If your dog has, or does, suffer from a medical condition, this also can impact their microbial diversity. This is especially the case if they’ve experienced bacterial infections or their immune system has had to work overtime to fight off harmful bacteria.

  • Their medication. Medication and treatment can also impact your dog’s microbiome, particularly antibiotics. Where antibiotics do help to fight off harmful bacteria, they kill off the beneficial stuff too. With that in mind, dogs who are, or have been, on antibiotics would benefit from extra help via Gut Health Supplements.

 


Learn more about the effects of antibiotics in our article 'How antibiotics affect your dog's gut health'.


How do you know if your dog has dysbiosis?


Dysbiosis can lead to a number of symptoms that can urge you to investigate your dog’s gut health, but often dogs won’t show any symptoms at all. With so many internal and external factors that have the potential to knock everything off balance, every dog would benefit from an exploration of their gut microbiome.

Symptoms of dysbiosis infographic


The best way to view the health of your dog’s gut microbiome is with a Gut Health Test. And this is where Pooch and Mutt can help!

Backed by science, a Pooch & Mutt Gut Health Test starts with us sending you everything you need to collect a poo sample from your dog, and then post it to our lab.

Then, armed with information about your pooch like age, breed, medical history, environment and lifestyle, we can gain an insight into the bacteria living inside the microbiome, and how it impacts your dog’s overall health. With this, we can provide a completely tailored diet and scientifically-proven supplement plan, so you can help your dog target problem areas and get them back on track!

 

 

How is dysbiosis treated?

The best way to treat dysbiosis and the symptoms it causes is by adapting your dog’s diet and, additionally, gut-supporting supplements.


Our range of Gut Health Supplements contains natural ingredients that support overall wellbeing, as well as vitamins, minerals, and a range of pre, pro, and postbiotics that work to support and encourage balanced microbial diversity and great gut health.

 

 

The first step towards optimal health and wellbeing for your dog is a Gut Health Test. By accessing your tailored diet and supplement plan, you're cutting out the guesswork, multiple vet trips, and are taking the right steps in getting your dog feeling like their best self again. Explore more about the gut microbiome and gut health, and in the meantime, reach out to our expert team with any questions.

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